Ultimate Guide: How to Get Documents Apostilled in Nigeria Easily and Fast
Introduction
In our ever-globalizing world, individuals and businesses alike often need to validate Nigerian documents for use abroad. Whether you are studying in France, doing business in the United States, or relocating to Germany, getting your documents apostilled in Nigeria is crucial. But how do you go about this seemingly complex process?
This guide is written to demystify the process, explain the legal background, and provide practical steps to ensure your documents are properly authenticated for international use. If you’re seeking reliable information and actionable insights, you’re in the right place.
What Does It Mean to Apostille a Document?
Before we dive into the process of getting documents apostilled in Nigeria, it’s important to first understand what “apostille” means.
An apostille is a form of authentication issued to documents for use in countries that participate in the Hague Convention of 5 October 1961. It certifies the authenticity of the signature, the capacity in which the person signing the document acted, and the identity of the seal or stamp it bears.
Simply put, when a Nigerian document is apostilled, it becomes legally recognized in other member countries without the need for further embassy or consular legalization.
Nigeria and the Hague Apostille Convention
Nigeria officially acceded to the Hague Apostille Convention on 14 October 2023, and the Convention entered into force for Nigeria on 14 April 2024. This is a major development that simplifies the process of international document authentication.
Prior to joining the Hague Convention, Nigerians had to go through lengthy legalization procedures involving the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and relevant embassies. With apostille services now in place, getting documents apostilled in Nigeria is easier, faster, and more transparent.
Which Documents Can Be Apostilled in Nigeria?
You can have a wide range of public documents apostilled, including:
Academic certificates (e.g., WAEC, university degrees)
Birth and death certificates
Marriage and divorce certificates
Court documents
Notarized affidavits
Corporate documents (e.g., CAC certificates, board resolutions)
Police clearance certificates
Powers of attorney
Legal contracts
Immigration documents
Note: Private documents must first be notarized by a Notary Public before they can be eligible for an apostille.
Who is Authorized to Issue an Apostille in Nigeria?
In Nigeria, the designated Competent Authority responsible for issuing apostilles is the Federal Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA), particularly through its Legal and Consular Department.
Once a document is verified by the relevant local authority, it must be taken to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, where an apostille certificate is affixed to the document.
Steps to Get Documents Apostilled in Nigeria
Let’s walk through the practical steps involved in getting documents apostilled in Nigeria:
Step 1: Obtain the Original Document or a Certified Copy
Ensure the document is either:
An original public document (like a birth certificate from the National Population Commission), or
A certified true copy from a court or relevant authority.
For private documents, ensure they are first notarized by a Notary Public.
Step 2: Pre-Authentication by Relevant Agencies (if needed)
Some documents need to be authenticated by the issuing agency before they are apostilled. For instance:
Academic documents may need to be verified by the Ministry of Education.
Corporate documents may require CAC endorsement.
This step helps ensure that the Ministry of Foreign Affairs accepts the document as genuine.
Step 3: Authentication by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Take the document to the Legal and Consular Department of the MFA. You’ll be required to:
Submit the document(s)
Provide identification (e.g., National ID, Passport)
Pay the official fee
Fill out an apostille application form
Once verified, the apostille certificate is attached to your document.
Step 4: Collect the Apostilled Document
The final apostilled document can usually be picked up within 2 to 5 working days, depending on workload and urgency.
Cost of Getting Documents Apostilled in Nigeria
The cost varies depending on the type and number of documents, but as of now, the average fee ranges from ₦15,000 to ₦30,000 per document.
Some agencies offer express services at a premium. Be cautious when using intermediaries or agents — always verify that they are reputable and not fraudulent.
Where is the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Located?
Here’s the contact for the Legal & Consular Department:
Federal Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Central Business District, Abuja, Nigeria
Phone: +234-9-523-0934
Email: info@mfa.gov.ng
It’s advisable to book an appointment or make inquiries ahead of your visit to avoid delays.
Common Pitfalls to Avoid
Not notarizing private documents – Always ensure private contracts and affidavits are notarized.
Submitting fake documents – This can lead to criminal prosecution.
Going to the wrong department – Ensure you’re dealing with the Legal and Consular Services Department.
Using unverified third-party agents – This can lead to loss of money or even legal issues.
Relevant Legal Backing and Case References
Hague Convention of 5 October 1961
Nigeria’s accession to the Hague Apostille Convention was formalized under the Hague Conference on Private International Law (HCCH). The legal effect of this is codified under international law and recognized by the signatory states.
Case Law: NICON Insurance v. Olowojaiye (2015)
Although not specifically about apostilles, this case reinforced the need for proper documentation and authentication when Nigerian documents are used in international business contracts. The court held that unauthenticated documents carry no evidential weight in foreign proceedings.
Case Law: FRN v. Iweka (2020)
The court stressed the importance of notarization and authentication when presenting documents in transnational fraud cases, affirming that proper legal backing must support any cross-border documentation.
Why Apostilled Documents are Important for Nigerians Traveling or Working Abroad
If you’re:
Applying for international schools
Relocating with your family
Starting a job abroad
Expanding your business overseas
Seeking dual citizenship
…you’ll definitely need to get your documents apostilled in Nigeria. It’s not just a requirement — it saves you the stress of being rejected by foreign authorities.
At CHAMAN Law Firm, we offer professional apostille, notarization, and document authentication services. Whether you’re an individual or a company, we guide you through the process swiftly and securely.
Let us help you eliminate the stress and errors that often come with government document procedures.
FAQs on Getting Documents Apostilled in Nigeria
Can I get documents apostilled in Lagos?
As of now, the official apostille process is centralized at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Abuja. However, regional passport offices may offer ancillary services in the future.
Can I apostille a scanned or photocopied document?
No. You must present either the original document or a certified true copy issued by a competent authority.
Can I use a third-party agent?
Yes, but ensure they are licensed and reputable. It’s safer to go through a law firm or documentation service with verifiable credentials.
Final Thoughts
Getting your documents apostilled in Nigeria is no longer a bureaucratic nightmare. Thanks to Nigeria’s accession to the Hague Apostille Convention, the process has become faster, cheaper, and more globally compliant.
Whether you’re applying to study abroad, doing business internationally, or relocating, ensure you follow the correct process, avoid common mistakes, and seek professional help when needed.